Django搭配restful api

DRF认证源码分析图

安装步骤：

pip install restfulframework

from rest_framework import serializers

导入serializers序列化包

from rest_framework.decorators import api_view

导入装饰器来装饰自定义的api视图

REST框架提供了两种编写API视图的封装。

① @api_view装饰器，基于方法的视图。

② 继承APIView类，基于类的视图。

例子：获取留言板内容。

注意视图函数运用restful接口应该通过Response返回，而不是HttpResponse

from rest_framework import serializers
from rest_framework.decorators import api_view
from rest_framework.response import Response

from ..models.models import Message
from django.http import response

# 类似于ModelForm表单
class msg_serializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Message
        fields = ('message', 'dates', 'msg_author')


@api_view(['GET'])
def msg_api(request):
    if request.method == 'GET':
        msg = Message.message_.all()
        serializer = msg_serializers(msg, many=True)
        return Response(serializer.data)

dispatch源码：

def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
    """
    `.dispatch()` is pretty much the same as Django's regular dispatch,
    but with extra hooks for startup, finalize, and exception handling.
    """
    self.args = args
    self.kwargs = kwargs
    request = self.initialize_request(request, *args, **kwargs)  # 实例化封装后的request对象
    self.request = request
    self.headers = self.default_response_headers  # deprecate?

    try:
        self.initial(request, *args, **kwargs)

        # Get the appropriate handler method
        if request.method.lower() in self.http_method_names:
            handler = getattr(self, request.method.lower(),  # 反射机制，获取request.method.lower()的内存地址，如果在的话
                              self.http_method_not_allowed)
        else:
            handler = self.http_method_not_allowed

        response = handler(request, *args, **kwargs)  # 执行对应的handler方法，返回结果为HttpRespon对象，赋值给

    except Exception as exc:
        response = self.handle_exception(exc)

    self.response = self.finalize_response(request, response, *args, **kwargs)
    return self.response

其中比较重要的是handler处的反射机制，获取并执行类视图对应的HTTP方法！

Restful API Framework 框架英文文档https://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/views/

获取外键所在表内的属性

class Information_serializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    # 通过source获取user中的username属性
    user = serializers.CharField(source='user.username', read_only=True)
    email = serializers.CharField(source='user.email', read_only=True)

    class Meta:
        model = Information
        fields = ('user', 'motto', 'hobby', 'head_image', 'email')

注：通过source属性可以获取到关联表中的具体字段，一般来说，一对一，一对多，多对多，如果直接序列化，外键会被序列化为关联表的主键ID，通常不是我们想要的，因此我们可以使用source重新给关联表的属性赋值。